---
type: "Research"
title: "Toolformer (2023)"
description: "Self-supervised learning of when and how to call tools."
resource: "https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.04761"
tags: [agents, tool-use, research]
generated: { by: human:crpage, at: 2026-07-09T09:44:00Z }
status: stable
sources: [{ id: primary, resource: "https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.04761" }]
---

Demonstrated that models can **self-teach** when to call tools and how to incorporate outputs, via self-supervision — for a fixed, small tool set.