type: "Concept"
title: "The missing collaborative-learning layer"
description: "Orchestration standards don't define how institutions jointly improve a model."
tags: [theme, federated, architecture]
generated: { by: human:crpage, at: 2026-07-09T09:44:00Z }
status: stable

The missing collaborative-learning layer

MCP and Arazzo standardise interaction and workflow composition, but neither defines how remote parties train or evaluate a shared model while keeping data local. That is a distinct architectural layer — the federation layer — which federated learning frameworks such as Flower make explicit.